Jan van Oostveen

Specialistic Archaeological Research

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Seals typology

Four main types of seals are distinguished

Type 1: One disc without connecting strip

Type 1a is a hollow seal. This hollow seal was pushed over the wires of the textile. After that a mark was stamped on the seal. If the seal was used to identify the owner of the textile, the private mark was stamped on it. In other cases the number of wires were controlled by an inspector. He stamped the number of wires on the seal (in this case 29) and the coat of arms of the city (in this case Leiden) on the onther side. These kind of seals can roughly be dated between 1300-1800.

Type 1b is a massive seal with an eye. These kind of seals were use by copper and brass manufacturers in for instance Sweden and Germany. These kind of seals are identified form Louis de Geer (Sweden) and the Momma family (Aachen). These kind of seals are dated in the 16th/17th century.

Type 1c is a common massive bag seal without an eye. These kind of seals were introduced in the second half of the 18th century and are used up to the present day.

Type 2: Two discs with connecting strip

Type 2a contains two discs and one pin. The discs are connected by a strip. These kind of seals are common and can be dated from the mid of the 12th century untill the late 18th century. This type has been widely used.

Type 2b is a typical British searcher seal. Most of the time on one side information about the searcher (name, private mark etc) and on the other side information about the searched textiel: Long, size, waight. These searchers seals are dated in the 16th/17th and probably 18th century.

Type 2c contains two discs and two pins. The discs are connected by a strip. These type of seals are known from the 15th untill the beginning of the 18th century. This type has been widely used.

Type 3: Four discs with two connecting strips

This four disc type is a typical British Alagne seal. It can be dated in the 17th/18th century.

Type 4: Two discs without a connecting strip

This two disc type without an connecting strip can be dated from the second half of the 19th century untill the 20th century. It is known that this type of seal was used by the German Railways but British examples are also known.

Published in Westerheem, number 1, 2013, p.8

Literature

Oostveen, J. van, 2013. Textielloden. In: Westerheem, February 2013, p. 8-20.

Additional information
Links:

Colchester Treasure hunting & metal detecting

Franse zegelloden: plombdescelle

Franse textiel- en zegel loden: forum 

Die "Fakalienfelder" meiner stadt

Historisch museum Rotterdam

Loodjes, in soorten en maten

Our past history

Santa Margarita Lead bale seal

The Portable Antiquities Scheme; cloth seals

UK Detector Finds Database

West-Frisia 4

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